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The following bibliography lists many of the hundreds of scientific articles that have resulted from BATS-related research. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W XYZ Altabet, M. A., 1988. Variations in nitrogen isotopic composition between sinking and suspended particles: implications for nitrogen cycling and particle transformation in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Research 35, 535-554. Altabet, M. A., 1989a. Particulate new nitrogen fluxes in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 12771-12779. Altabet, M. A., 1989b. A time-series of the vertical structure of nitrogen and particle dynamics in the Sargasso Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 34, 1185-1201. Andersen, R.A., Bidigare, R.R., Keller, M.D., Latasa, M., 1996. A comparison of HPLC pigment signatures and electron microscope observations for oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Deep Sea Research II 43, 517-537. Armstrong, R.A., 1994. Grazing limitation and nutrient limitation in marine ecosystems: Steady state solutions of an ecosystem model with multiple food chains. Limnology and Oceanography 39, 597-608. Asper, V. L., Deuser, W. G., Knauer, G. A., Lohrenz, S. E., 1992. Rapid coupling of sinking particle fluxes between surface and deep ocean waters. Nature 357, 670-672. Banse, K., 1992. Grazing, temporal changes of phytoplankton concentrations and the microbial loop in the open sea. In: Falkowski, P.G., Woodhead, A.D., (Eds), Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 409-440. Bates, N.R., Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., 1996. Seasonal and interannual variability of oceanic carbon dioxide species at the U.S. JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 347-383. Bates, N.R., Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., 1998a. Contribution of hurricanes to local and global estimates of air-sea exchange of CO2. Nature 395, 58-61. Bates, N.R., Takahashi, T., Chipman, D.W., Knap, A.H., 1998b. Variability of pCO2 on diel to seasonal timescales in the Saragasso Sea near Bermuda. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 15567-15585. Beers, J. R., 1966. Studies on the chemical composition of the major zooplankton groups in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Limnology and Oceanography 11, 520-528. Bidigare, R.R., Marra, J., Dickey, T.D., Iturriaga, R., Baker, K.S., Smith, R.C., Pak, H., 1990. Evidence for phytoplankton succession and chromatic adaptation in the Sargasso Sea during spring 1985. Marine Ecology Progress Series 60, 113-122. Bigg, G.R., Jickells, T.D., Knap, A.H., and Sherriff-Dow, R., 1988. The significance of short term wind induced mixing events for "new" primary production in sub-tropical gyres. Oceanologica Acta 12, 437-442. Bissett, W.P., Meyers, M.B., Walsh, J.J., Muller-Karger, F.E., 1994. The effects of temporal variability of mixed layer depth on primary productivity around Bermuda. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 7539-7553. Boyle, E.A., Chapnick, S.D., Shen, G.T., Bacon, M.P., 1986. Temporal variability of lead in the western North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 8573-8593. Buck, K. R., Chavez, F. P., Campbell, L., 1996. Basin-wide distributions of living carbon components and the inverted trophic pyramid of the central gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean, summer 1993. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 10, 238-298. Brzezinski, M.A., Nelson, D.M., 1995. The annual silica cycle in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. Deep-Sea Research I 42, 1215-1237. Brzezinski, M.A., Nelson, D.M., 1996. Chronic substrate limitation of silicic acid uptake rates in the western Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 437-453. Buesseler, K. O., Steinberg, D.K., Michaels, A.F., Johnson, R.J., Andrews, J.E., Valdez, J.R., and Price, J.F., submitted. A comparison of the quantity and composition of material caught in a neutrally buoyant versus surface-tethered sediment trap. Deep-Sea Research I Carlson, C. A., Ducklow, H. W., Michaels, A. F., 1994. Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Nature 371, 405-408. Carlson, C. A., Ducklow, H. W., 1996. Growth of bacterioplankton and consumption of dissolved organic carbon in the Sargasso Sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 10, 69-85. Carlson, C. A.., Ducklow, H. W., Sleeter, T. D., 1996. Stocks and dynamics of bacterioplankton in the Northwestern Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Research II 43, 491-515. Carlson, C. A., Ducklow, H. W., Hansell, D. A., Smith, W. O., 1998. Organic carbon partitioning during spring phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea Polynya and the Sargasso Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 375-386 Caron, D. A., Dam, H. G., Kremer, P., Lessard, E. J., Madin, L. P., Malone, T. C., Napp, J. M., Peele, E. R., Roman, M. R., Youngbluth , M. J., 1995a. The contribution of microorganisms to particulate carbon and nitrogen in surface waters of the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. Deep Sea Research 42, 943-972. Caron, D. A., Michaels, A.F., Swanberg, N.R., Howse, F.A., 1995b. Primary productivity by symbiont-bearing planktonic sarcodines (Acantharia, Radiolaria, Formnifera) in surface waters near Bermuda. Journal of Plankton Research 17, 103-129. Conte, M.H., Deuser, W.G., Ralph, N., 1999-this issue. Seasonal and interannual variability in deep ocean particle flux at the Ocean Flux Program (OFP)/Bermuda-Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site near Bermuda. Deep-Sea Research II Cotner, J. B., Ammerman, J. W., Peele, E. R., Bentzen, E., 1997. Phosphorus-limited bacterioplankton growth in the Sargasso Sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 13, 141-149. Curry, R.G., McCartney, M.S., Joyce, T.M., 1998. Oceanic transport of subpolar climate signals to mid-depth subtropical waters. Nature 391, 575-577. Dam, H.G., Roman, M.R. ,Youngbluth, M.J., 1995. Downward export of respiratory carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen by diel-migrant mesozooplankton at the JGOFS Bermuda time-series station. Deep-Sea Research 42, 1187-1197. Deevey, G.B., 1971. The annual cycle in quantity and composition of the zooplankton of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. I. The upper 500m. Limnology and Oceanography 16, 219-240. Deevey, G.B., Brooks, A.L., 1977. Copepods of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda: species composition, and vertical and seasonal distribution between surface and 2000 m. Bulletin of Marine Science 27, 256-291. Deuser, W. G., 1986. Seasonal and interannual variations in deep-water particle fluxes in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 33, 225-247. Deuser, W. G., 1987. Seasonal variations in isotopic composition and deep-water fluxes of the tests of perennially abundant planktonic foraminifera of the Sargasso Sea: results from sediment-trap collections and their paleoceanographic significance. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 17, 14-27. Deuser, W. G., Ross, E. H., 1980. Seasonal changes in the flux of organic carbon to the deep Sargasso Sea. Nature 283, 364-365. Deuser, W. G., Ross, E. H., Hemleben, C., Spindler, M., 1981. Seasonal changes in species composition, numbers, mass, size, and isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera settling into the deep Sargasso Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology 33, 103-127. Deuser, W. G., Emeis, K., Ittekkot , V., Degens, E. T., 1983. Fly-ash particles intercepted in the deep Sargasso Sea. Nature 305, 216-218. Deuser, W. G., Ross, E. H., 1989. Seasonally abundant planktonic foraminifera of the Sargasso Sea: succession, deep-water fluxes, isotopic compositions, and paleoceanographic implications. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 19, 268-293. Deuser, W. G., Muller-Karger, F. E., Evans, R. H., Brown, O. B., Esaias, W. E., Feldman,G. C., 1990. Surface-ocean color and deep-ocean carbon flux: how close a connection? Deep-Sea Research 37, 1331-1343. Dickey, T., Granata, T., Marra,, J., Langdon, C., Wiggert, J., Chai, Z., Hamilton, M., Vazquez, J., Stramska, M., Bidigare, R., Siegel, D., 1993. Seasonal variability of bio-optical and physical properties in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 865-898. Dickey, T., Frye, D., Jannasch, H., Boyle, E., Manov, D., Sigurdson, D., McNeil, J., Stramska, M., Michaels, A., Nelson, N., Siegel, D., Chang, G., Wu, J., Knap, A., 1998. Initial results from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring program, Deep-Sea Research I 771-794. Dickey, T., Zedler, S., Gilboy, T., Bravo, C., 1999-- this issue. High Temporal Resolution Measurements from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring: June 1994 - March 1998. Deep-Sea Research II Doney, S.C., Glover, D.M., Najjar, R.G., 1996. A new coupled, one-dimensional biological-physical model for the upper ocean: Applications to the JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 591-624. Ebbesmeyer, C., Lindstrom, E.J., 1986. Structure and origin of 18°C water observed during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment. Journal of Physical Oceanography 16, 443-453.. Fabry, V. J., Deuser, W. G., 1991. Aragonite and magnesian calcite fluxes to the deep Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 38, 713-728. Fabry, V. J., Deuser, W. G., 1992. Seasonal changes in isotopic compositions and sinking fluxes of euthecosomatous pteropod shells in the Sargasso Sea. Paleoceanography 7, 195-213. Fuhrman, J. A., Sleeter, T. D., Carlson, C. A., Proctor, L. M., 1989. Dominance of bacterial biomass in the Sargasso Sea and its ecological implications. Marine Ecology Progress Series 57, 207-217 Galloway, J. N., Penner, J. E., Atherton, C. S., 1992. Sulfur and nitrogen levels in the North Atlantic Ocean's atmosphere: A synthesis of field and modeling results. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 6, 77-100. Goericke, R., 1998. Response of phytoplankton community structure and taxon-specific growth rates to seasonally varying physical forcing in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 921-935. Goericke, R., Montoya, J.P., 1998. Estimating the contribution of microalgal taxa to chlorophyll a in the field- variations of pigment ratios under nutrient- and light-limited growth. Marine Ecology Progress Series 169, 97-112. Goericke, R., Welschmeyer, N.A., in press. Response of Sargasso Sea phytoplankton biomass, growth rates and primary production to seasonally varying physical forcing. Journal of Plankton Research 20, xx-xx. Goldman, J. C., Hansell, D. A., Dennett, M. R., 1992. Chemical characterization of three large oceanic diatoms: potential impact on water column chemistry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 88, 257-270. Gruber, N., Keeling, C.D., Stocker, T.F., 1998. Carbon-13 constraints on the seasonal inorganic carbon budget at the BATS site in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 45, 673-717. Gundersen, K., Orcutt, K. M., Purdie, D.A., Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., 1999 -this issue. Elemental carbon mass distribution at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site, Deep-Sea Research II Gust, G., Michaels, A. F., Johnson, R., Deuser, W. G., Bowles, W., 1994. Mooring line motions and sediment trap hydrodynamics: in situ intercomparison of three common deployment designs. Deep-Sea Research 41, 831-857. Haider, A.T., Theirstein, H.R., 1999-this issue. Ecological succession of living coccolithophorids at Bermuda. Deep-Sea Research II Halliwell, G.R., Cornillon, P., and Byrne, D.A., 1991. Westward-propagating SST anomaly features in the Sargasso Sea, 1982-1988. Journal of Physical Oceanography 21, 635-649. Halliwell, G.R., Peng, G., and Olson, D.B., 1994. Stability of the Sargasso Sea Subtropical Frontal Zone. Journal of Physical Oceanography 24, 1166-1183. Hansell, D. A., Bates, N.R., Gundersen, K., 1995. Mineralization of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Sargasso Sea. Marine Chemistry 51, 201-212. Hansell, D. A., Carlson, C. A., 1998. Net community production of dissolved organic carbon. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12, 443-453. Hansell, D. A., Carlson, C. A., 1999-this issue. Biogeochemisrty of total organic carbon and nitrogen in the Sargasso Sea, Deep-Sea Research II Hulburt, E. M., Ryther, J. H., Guillard, R. R. L., 1960. The phytoplankton of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Journal du Conseil International d'Exploration da la Mer. 25, 115-128. Hulburt, E.M., 1990. Description of phytoplankton and nutrient in spring in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Plankton Research 12(1), 1-28. Hurtt, G.C., Armstrong, R.A., 1996. A pelagic ecosystem calibrated with BATS data. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 653-683. IPCC, 1990. Climate Change: The IPCC scientific assessment. IPCC intergovernmental panel on climate change. (Eds), Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G.J., Ephraums, J.J. Cambridge University Press, UK 339 pp. Jasper, J. P., Deuser, W. G., 1993. Annual cycles of mass flux and isotopic composition of pteropod shells settling into the deep Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 40, 653-669. Jenkins, W. J., 1982. Oxygen utilization rates in North Atlantic subtropical gyre and primary production in oligotrophic systems. Nature 300, 246-248. Jenkins, W. J., 1988. Nitrate flux into the euphotic zone near Bermuda. Nature 331, 521-523. Jenkins, W. J., Goldman, J. C., 1985. Seasonal oxygen cycling and primary production in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Marine Research 43, 465-491. Jickells, T. D., Knap, A.H., Church, T., Galloway, J., Miller, J., 1982. Acid rain on Bermuda. Nature 297, 55-57. Jickells, T. D., Knap, A.H., Church, T. M., 1984. Trace metals in Bermuda rainwater. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 1423-1428. Jickells, T. D., Deuser, W. G., Knap, A.H., 1984. The sedimentation rates of trace elements in the Sargasso Sea measured by sediment trap. Deep-Sea Research 31, 1169-1178. Jickells, T. D., Deuser, W. G., Belastock, R. A., 1990a. Temporal variations in the concentrations of some particulate elements in the surface waters of the Sargasso Sea and their relationship to deep-sea fluxes. Marine Chemistry 29, 203-219. Jickells, T. D., Deuser, W. G., Fleer, A., Hemleben, C., 1990b. Variability of some elemental fluxes in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. Oceanologica Acta 13, 291-297. Joyce, T.M., Robbins, P., 1996. The long-term hydrographic record at Bermuda, Journal of Climate 9, 3121-3131. Keeling, C. D., 1993. Surface ocean CO2. In: Heimann, M., (Ed),The Global Carbon Cycle, NATO ASI Series I, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 413-429. Knap, A., Jickells, T., Pszenny, A., Galloway, J., 1986. Significance of atmospheric-derived fixed nitrogen on productivity of the Sargasso Sea. Nature 320, 158-160. Knap, A.H., Michaels, A. F., Dow, R. L., Johnson, R. J., Gundersen, K., Knauer, G. A., Lohrenz, S. E., Asper, V. A., Tuel, M., Ducklow, H., Quinby, H., Brewer, P., 1991. U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study. Data Report for BATS 1-12, October 1988-September 1989, U.S. JGOFS Planning Office, Woods Hole Knap, A.H., Michaels, A. F., Dow, R. L., Johnson, R. J., Gundersen, K., Sorensen, J., Close, A., Hammer, M., Knauer, G. A., Lohrenz, S. E., Asper ,V. A., Tuel, M., Ducklow, H., Quinby, H., Brewer, P., Bidigare ,R., 1992. U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study. Data Report for BATS 13-24, October 1989-September 1990, U.S. JGOFS Planning Office, Woods Hole Knap, A.H., Michaels, A. F., Dow, R. L., Johnson, R. J., Gundersen, K., Sorensen, J. C., Close, A. R., Howse, F., Hammer, M., Bates, N., Doyle, A., Waterhouse, T., 1993a. BATS Methods Manual, Version 3, U.S. JGOFS Planning Office, Woods Hole, MA Knap, A.H., Michaels, A. F., Dow, R. L., Johnson, R. J., Gundersen, K., Sorensen, J. C., Close, A. 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K.W., Dickie, P.M., Irwin, B.D., Wood, A.M., 1992. Biomass of bacteria, cyanobacteria, prochlorophytes and photosynthetic eukaryotes in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 39, 501-519. Lohrenz, S. E., Knauer, G. A., Asper, V. L., Tuel, M., Michaels, A. F., Knap, A.H., 1992. Seasonal and interannual variability in primary production and particle flux in the northwestern Sargasso Sea: U.S. JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study. Deep-Sea Research 39, 1373-1391. Longhurst, A.R., Bedo, A.W., Harrison, W.G., Head, E.J.H. , Sameoto, D.D., 1990. Vertical flux of respiratory carbon by oceanic diel migrant biota. Deep-Sea Research 37(4), 685-694. Lueker, T.J., Keeling, C.D., Guenther, P.G., Mook, W.G., Wahlen, M., submitted. A twelve year record of inorganic carbon variations in surface ocean water near Bermuda. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Madin, L.P., Horgan, E. F., Steinberg, D.K. 1999--this issue. 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